1．As they grow old, people also accumulate belongings for two other reasons: lack of physical and mental energy—both of which are essential in turning out and throwing away—and sentiment.
　　分析：該句包含了并列結(jié)構(gòu)被分割的情況。lack of physical and mental energy和sentiment 是并列結(jié)構(gòu)，作two other reasons的同位語(yǔ)。但是被非限定性定語(yǔ)從句both of which are essential in turning out and throwing away分割。
譯文：人們隨著日趨年邁，積存物品還有其它兩個(gè)原因：一是缺乏體力和精神，兩者在清理和扔掉無(wú)用之物時(shí)不可或缺，二是感情上的原因。
  2．Old Henry and his wife Phoebe were as fond of each other as it is possible for two old people to be who have nothing else in this life to be fond of.
　　分析：連詞as 引導(dǎo)的比較狀語(yǔ)從句中，it 代替for two old people to be。to be 后省略了fond of each other。to be 做分割成分。
　　譯文：象兩位老人一生中沒(méi)有其它什幺東西可愛(ài)而彼此相愛(ài)一樣，老亨利和他的妻子芬比也互相愛(ài)慕。
  3．It is the insistence, as a first consideration, upon the interdependence of the various elements in, and parts of, the United States—a recognition of the old and permanently important manifestation of the American spirit of the pioneer.
　　分析：insistence 后接upon the interdependence of the various elements in, and parts of, the United States, 中間被插入語(yǔ)as a first consideration 分割，做進(jìn)一步說(shuō)明。該句選自美國(guó)前總統(tǒng)羅斯福在1933年的就職演說(shuō)。漢語(yǔ)中動(dòng)詞用得較多，翻譯時(shí)可把名詞轉(zhuǎn)譯為動(dòng)詞。
　　譯文：我們首先應(yīng)考慮的是，堅(jiān)持美國(guó)國(guó)內(nèi)各種因素之間、各個(gè)部分之間的相互依賴關(guān)系——即承認(rèn)體現(xiàn)傳統(tǒng)的和永遠(yuǎn)重要的美國(guó)開(kāi)拓精神。
  4．A better knowledge of China’s civilization would lay open to us an empire of learning, hitherto fabulously described.
　　分析：lay open 和 an empire of learning 被介詞短語(yǔ) to us 分割。本句選自英國(guó)前首相撒切爾夫人1982年在中國(guó)歡迎宴會(huì)上的講話。翻譯時(shí)要注意轉(zhuǎn)譯的應(yīng)用。如把“better”譯為副詞“更好地”。
　　譯文：更好地了解中國(guó)的文明，將為我們打開(kāi)一個(gè)知識(shí)的王國(guó)，對(duì)這個(gè)王國(guó)迄今只有神話般的描述。
  5．In the last eight years there were difficult, almost non-stop negotiations and reported threats of failure, ultimately overcome by a combination of creative compromise and stubborn determination—indeed, some call it unprecedented determination—to succeed.
　　分析：本句的主干結(jié)構(gòu)是：…there were negotiations and…threats of failure。“overcome by…”是過(guò)去分詞短語(yǔ)，修飾 threats of failure。stubborn determination 和其定語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞不定式“to succeed”被“indeed, some call it unprecedented determination”分割。
　　譯文：在比較后的八年里，進(jìn)行了艱苦卓絕的、幾乎是不間斷的談判，其間屢經(jīng)失敗之虞，但比較終通過(guò)創(chuàng)造性的協(xié)調(diào)和要取得成功的頑強(qiáng)決心——確實(shí)有人稱(chēng)之為前所未有的決心——而渡過(guò)難關(guān)，取得了勝利。
  6．Abraham Lincoln is the most famous instance of the claim that Americans often made that in their country a man may rise from the lowest to the highest position.
　　分析：the claim 和其同位語(yǔ) that in their country a man may rise from the lowest to the highest position 被 the claim 的定語(yǔ)從句that Americans often made 分割。同位語(yǔ)從句在翻譯時(shí)可按照順序翻譯，將其翻譯為分句。
　　譯文：美國(guó)人常認(rèn)為，在他們國(guó)家，一個(gè)人的地位可以從社會(huì)比較底層上升到社會(huì)比較上層，亞伯拉罕·林肯就是極好的例子。
  7．To such length did she go in rehearsal that two actors walked out.
　　分析：such…that 結(jié)構(gòu)可將such或含有such 的詞組放在句首，使全句采用部分倒裝。與此用法類(lèi)似的還有so…that結(jié)構(gòu)。
　　譯文：她在排演中搞得太過(guò)分，以致兩名男演員退出不干了。
  8．Nowhere do 1980 census statistics dramatize more the American search for spacious living than in the Far West.
譯文：1980年那里的人口普查統(tǒng)計(jì)資料也不如遠(yuǎn)西地區(qū)的更能生動(dòng)地說(shuō)明美國(guó)人對(duì)寬敞的生活環(huán)境的追求。
  9．Nonstop waves of immigrants played a role, too and so did bigger crops of babies as yesterday’s “baby boom” generation reached its child-bearing years.
  譯文：不間斷的移民浪潮也起了作用——而且隨著昔日在“生育高峰期”出生的一代人達(dá)到生育年齡，嬰兒的出生數(shù)量增加了，這同樣起了作用。
  10．Tapping the new spirit, there can be no nobler nor more ambitious task for America to undertake on this day of a new beginning than to help shape a just and peaceful world that is truly humane.
　　分析：no nobler nor more ambitious 中的 nor 是連詞，常與 neither 或 nor 連用，有時(shí)也與 no, never 等表示否定的詞連用。主句是含有 no more…than 的普通比較句型。分詞短語(yǔ)tapping the new spirit 是表示目的的狀語(yǔ)。本句選自美國(guó)前總統(tǒng)卡特在1977年的就職演說(shuō)。
　　譯文：為了發(fā)揚(yáng)這種新的精神，在這一新的開(kāi)端開(kāi)始之際，對(duì)美國(guó)來(lái)說(shuō)，比較崇高和比較有雄心勃勃的任務(wù)是幫助建立一個(gè)真正人道、正義、和平的世界。
  11．Marriage has never been more popular and desirable than it is now——so appealing in fact, that even those who are in the process of divorce can scarcely wait for the law to allow them to marry again.
  譯文：婚姻從未像現(xiàn)在這樣受大眾歡迎，為大眾所渴望。事實(shí)上，婚姻是如此地吸引人，以至那些正在辦理離婚手續(xù)的人，幾乎等不到法律的判決，就想再度結(jié)婚了。
  12．There was something original，independent and heroic about the plan that pleased all of them ．這個(gè)方案有創(chuàng)造性，而且別出心裁，又有魅力，所以深得他們的喜歡。
  13．Temperature plays the same part in the flow of heat that pres- sure does in the flow of fluids．溫度在熱的傳導(dǎo)中所起的作用和壓力在液體的流動(dòng)中所起的作用相同。(注意使用該句式)
  14．When the lights came on again, hardly a person in the city can have turned on a switch without reflecting how great a servant he had at his fingertips.
　　分析：在這句話中，“hardly…without”構(gòu)成了“雙重否定”（double negation）。雖然只有without在詞形上具有明顯的否定特征，但是hardly（以及scarcely, barely, few, little等）雖然沒(méi)有明顯的否定特征，卻有否定的詞義。實(shí)際上，雙重否定表達(dá)的是肯定的意思，因此在翻譯成漢語(yǔ)時(shí)，既可以將原句按照兩個(gè)否定的形式表述出來(lái)，也可按照否定的語(yǔ)氣譯出。
　　譯文：電燈又亮了，該城的人們打開(kāi)開(kāi)關(guān)的時(shí)候，想必幾乎人人都會(huì)想到，電燈是隨時(shí)可供他們使用的多幺有用的東西呀
  15．There was the growing realization that for all their vastness, the resources to be found in the oceans and seas were not inexhaustible. One could not hunt whales at will without risking their extermination or catch herring limitlessly without threatening survival of the stock. There was the growing realization that for all their vastness, the resources to be found in the oceans and seas were not inexhaustible. One could not hunt whales at will without risking their extermination or catch herring limitlessly without threatening survival of the stock.
  譯文：人們?cè)絹?lái)越認(rèn)識(shí)到，盡管海洋無(wú)邊無(wú)垠，但其資源并不是取之不盡用之不竭的。人們不可能隨心所欲地捕鯨而不使其遭致滅絕的危險(xiǎn)，或無(wú)限制地捕撈鯡魚(yú)而不威脅到該物種的繁衍生息。
  16. Anything from cosmic rays to radiation to diet may activate a dormant oncogene, but how remains unknown.
  譯文：任何東西，從宇宙射線到輻射，以至日常飲食，都可能激活潛伏的致癌基因，但如何激活的，仍然不得而知。
  17. So, tips will no doubt net much less during the summer and the company will be less interesting.
　　分析：這是并列句。由and連接。第一句中的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞是will net, net在這里做動(dòng)詞，意為“掙得、贏得”。第二句的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞是will be,因?yàn)閮蓚�(gè)句子在結(jié)構(gòu)上是平行的，所以省略了will,又因?yàn)槭÷缘氖侵鷦?dòng)詞，因此漢語(yǔ)中不必譯出。
　　譯文：整個(gè)夏天掙的小費(fèi)必將很少很少，而且還得和乏味的人在一起干活。
  18. By taking thought, men can move mountains——and have.
  譯文：憑借智能，人能移山，實(shí)際上人類(lèi)已經(jīng)做到了。
  19. When the media add interpretation and analysis, as they must to do their job fully, strong dislike of the messengers may become intense.
　　分析：as 引導(dǎo)的從句說(shuō)明when從句的內(nèi)容，可以說(shuō)是從句的從句，翻譯時(shí)比較好放在主句之后，起補(bǔ)充說(shuō)明作用。句中must 后省略了謂語(yǔ)add interpretation and analysis。
  譯文：媒體一旦增添了解釋和分析，就會(huì)引起人們的強(qiáng)烈反感，然而，媒體又必須這樣做才能充分發(fā)揮其作用。
  20. But the individualist approach, by attacking gender roles, denying the significance of physiological difference, and condemning existing familial institutions as hopelessly patriarchal, has often simply treated as irrelevant the family roles important to many women.
　　分析：句中由by引導(dǎo)的三個(gè)并列平行結(jié)構(gòu)表示原因。treated as…結(jié)構(gòu)使用了倒裝結(jié)構(gòu)，因?yàn)閠he family roles后面有修飾成分，故將其置后。
　　譯文：而個(gè)人主義的方法由于攻擊性別角色，否定生理差別的重要性，攻擊現(xiàn)存的家庭體制是不可救藥的父權(quán)制，結(jié)果把對(duì)許多婦女來(lái)說(shuō)非常重要的家庭角色完全視為無(wú)關(guān)緊要了。
  21. There is no complete inventory of positions or people in federal service at this level. The lack may be explained by separate agency statutes and personnel systems, diffusion among so many special services, and the absence of any central point (short of President himself) with jurisdiction over all upper-level personnel of the government.
  譯文：這個(gè)級(jí)別的聯(lián)邦政府官員和職位沒(méi)有完整的記載。對(duì)此（缺少詳細(xì)記載）所做的解釋可能是，各部門(mén)的條例和人事制度各不相同，分布的特殊服務(wù)部門(mén)太多并缺少一個(gè)中心機(jī)構(gòu)（總統(tǒng)本人除外）來(lái)管理所有的政府高級(jí)官員。
  22. That sex ratio will be favored which maximizes the number of　descendants an individual will have and　hence the number of gene copies　transmitted.
  譯文：那種性別比例能在比較大程度上增加一個(gè)個(gè)體所能擁有的后代數(shù)量，并因此能在比較大程度上增加所傳遞到后代身上去的基因復(fù)制品的數(shù)量。
  23. With the conclusion of a burst activity , the lactic acid level is high in the body fluids , leaving the large animal vulnerable to attack until the acid is reconverted , via oxidative metabolism , by the liver into glucose , which is then sent (in part )back to the muscles for glycogen synthesis.
  解釋?zhuān)罕揪渲行揎棾煞謽O多，以分詞修飾和介詞結(jié)構(gòu)修飾為主，作各種類(lèi)型的狀語(yǔ)。前面的狀語(yǔ)和主句還好理解，從leaving開(kāi)始句子變難；leaving引導(dǎo)的直到句末的結(jié)構(gòu)來(lái)做整個(gè)句子的狀語(yǔ)；分詞中又包含了三個(gè)狀語(yǔ)，其中的兩個(gè)via oxidative metabolism by the liver又起到了插入語(yǔ)的作用，把be converted into拆成兩段。
  本句的另外一個(gè)特征是其中充斥著專(zhuān)有名詞。其中的body fluids, oxidative和synthesis通過(guò)字面的意思或者根據(jù)詞頭、詞根我們還是應(yīng)該猜出其意思的，lactic acid, metabolism和muscle這三個(gè)詞在生物類(lèi)文章中極其常用，大家應(yīng)該背下來(lái)；而glycogen這種東西則沒(méi)辦法，只能作一個(gè)首字母提煉。但是請(qǐng)記住，GRE和GMAT文章中只要出現(xiàn)了這種專(zhuān)有名詞，出題者是一定會(huì)在文章中把它在文章中所乃至的詞義解釋清楚的，所以讀者遇到文章中做了解釋的專(zhuān)有名詞，應(yīng)該力求把解釋看懂。
  譯文：隨著爆發(fā)出來(lái)的運(yùn)動(dòng)的結(jié)束，再體液中乳酸含量會(huì)變得很高，使得大型動(dòng)物處于容易受到攻擊的狀態(tài)，直到乳酸通過(guò)有氧新陳代謝，被肝臟轉(zhuǎn)化成（convert into）葡萄糖，而葡萄糖接下來(lái)又會(huì)（部分）傳送回肌肉中重新合成糖原 。
  24. Although Gutman admits that forced separation by sale was frequent, he shows that the slaves’ preference, revealed most clearly on plantations where sale was infrequent, was very much for stable monogamy.
  譯文：雖然古特曼承認(rèn)，由于奴隸買(mǎi)賣(mài)而造成的被迫離散甚為頻繁，但他還是證明，奴隸的偏愛(ài)——在那些奴隸買(mǎi)賣(mài)并不頻繁的種植園上被比較為顯著地揭示出來(lái)——在很大程度上側(cè)重于穩(wěn)定的一夫一妻制（monogamy）。
  25. This preference for exogamy, Gutman suggests， may have derived from　West African rules governing marriage, which, though they differed from one tribal group to another, all involved some kind of prohibition against unions with close kin.
譯文：古特曼表示，這種對(duì)于外部通婚的偏愛(ài)很有可能緣起于西部非洲制約著婚姻的規(guī)定，盡管這些規(guī)定在一個(gè)和另一個(gè)部落群體之間不盡相同，但都涉及到某種對(duì)近親聯(lián)姻（union with close kin）的禁止。
  26.Gutman argues convincingly that the stability of the Black family encouraged　the transmission of-and so was crucial in sustaining-the Black heritage of folklore, music, and religious expression from one generation to another, a heritage that slaves were continually fashioning out of their African and American experiences.
  譯文：古特曼人令人信服地論辨道，黑人家庭的穩(wěn)定有助于包括民間傳說(shuō)、音樂(lè)、及宗教表達(dá)在內(nèi)的黑人文化遺產(chǎn)一代一代傳遞下去，因而在維持文化遺產(chǎn)方面也起著至關(guān)重要的作用，而對(duì)于這種文化遺產(chǎn)，黑奴們不斷地從其非洲和美洲的經(jīng)歷中予以豐富發(fā)展。
  27. Although some experiments show that, as an object becomes familiar, its internal　representation becomes more holistic and　the recognition process correspondingly more parallel, the weight of evidence　seems to support the serial hypothesis, at least for objects that are not notably simple and familiar.
  雖然某些實(shí)驗(yàn)表明，隨著一個(gè)物體變得熟悉起來(lái)，其內(nèi)心再現(xiàn)圖像亦更具整體感，辨認(rèn)過(guò)程相應(yīng)地更趨于平行，但證據(jù)的砝碼似乎在支持序列假設(shè)（serial hypothesis），至少是對(duì)于那些不甚簡(jiǎn)單、不甚熟悉的物體來(lái)說(shuō)。
  28. Thus, for instance, it may come as a shock to mathematicians to learn that the Schrodinger equation for the hydrogen atom is not a literally correct description of this atom, but only an approximation to a somewhat more correct equation taking account of spin, magnetic dipole, and relativistic effects; and that this corrected　equation is itself only an imperfect approximation to an infinite set of　quantum field-theoretical equations.
  因此，舉例來(lái)說(shuō)，對(duì)數(shù)學(xué)家而言，了解到下述情形可能會(huì)令其驚愕不已，即薛定諤（Schrodinger）的氫原子方程式并非是對(duì)該原子作出的一種絕然正確的描述，而僅僅是個(gè)近似值，趨近于一個(gè)在某種程度上更為正確的將自旋、磁性偶極子、以及相對(duì)論效應(yīng)考慮在內(nèi)的方程式；而這個(gè)得以糾正的方程式就其本身而言也只是一個(gè)不完美的近似值，趨近于無(wú)窮無(wú)盡的一整套量子場(chǎng)論方程式。
  29. In addition, the style of some Black novels, like Jean Toomer's Cane, verges on expressionism or surrealism ; does this technique provide a counterpoint to the prevalent theme that portrays the fate against which Black heroes are pitted , a theme usually conveyed by more naturalistic modes of expression ?
  不僅如此，有些黑人小說(shuō)（比如JT的甘蔗）的風(fēng)格接近與表現(xiàn)主義和超現(xiàn)實(shí)主義；這種技巧是否為流行的主題提供了一個(gè)和諧的對(duì)應(yīng)呢？這種主題刻畫(huà)了黑人注意與之相抗?fàn)幍拿�運(yùn)，這是一個(gè)通常用更為自然主義的表現(xiàn)手法所表達(dá)的主題。
  30. Although these molecules allow radiation at visible wavelengths， where most of the energy of sunlight is concentrated, to pass through, they absorb some of the longer-wavelength，　　infrared emissions radiated from the Earth’s surface, radiation that would　otherwise be transmitted back into space.
  雖然這些分子允許可見(jiàn)波長(zhǎng)（visible wavelength）的輻射——陽(yáng)光的絕大部分能量就匯集于此——不受阻擋地穿透，但它們卻會(huì)吸收某些較長(zhǎng)波長(zhǎng)（longer-wavelength），亦即從地球表面輻射出的紅外發(fā)射（infrared emission），這種輻射若不是二氧化碳的緣故就會(huì)被重新輸送回太空。