I have been transformed from /a passionate advocate of the philosophy of “having it all”, preached by Linda Kelsey / for the past seven years / in the page of She magazine, into a woman / who is happy to settle for a bit of everything. (2001年真題)

   【分析】本句是由transformed from...into...(從……轉(zhuǎn)變?yōu)椤��?固定搭配連接構(gòu)成的長(zhǎng)句。句子主干為：I have been transformed from a passionate advocate of the philosophy of “having it all” into a woman who is happy to settle for a bit of everything.“preached by Linda Kelsey”，分詞作定語(yǔ)修飾“the philosophy of ‘having it all’”�！皐ho is happy to settle for a bit of everything”定語(yǔ)從句修飾“woman”。
 
   【翻譯】我已經(jīng)從 “擁有一切”哲學(xué)的積極倡導(dǎo)者，轉(zhuǎn)化成一個(gè)對(duì)一切淺嘗輒止就心滿意足的婦女。過去七年里琳達(dá)·凱爾西在《女性》雜志再三宣揚(yáng)這種哲學(xué)。

   It identifies the under-treatment of pain / and the aggressive use of “ineffectual and forced medical procedures / that may prolong and even dishonor the period of dying” / as the twin problems of end-of-life care. (2002年真題)

   【分析】本句主干部分是由identify...as...(把……識(shí)別為……)固定搭配連接構(gòu)成的。同時(shí)identifies后面所接的兩個(gè)并列賓語(yǔ)成分(the under-treatment of pain，the aggressive use of ineffectual and forced medical procedures)增加了句子的理解難度。句子主干為：It identifies the undertreatment of pain / and the aggressive use of “ineffectual and forced medical procedures / as the twin problems of end-of-life care. 定語(yǔ)從句“that may prolong and even dishonor the period of dying”，修飾“the aggressive use of ‘ineffectual and forced medical procedures’”而不是“the under-treatment of pain and the aggressive use of ‘ineffectual and forced medical procedures’”，這里要學(xué)會(huì)對(duì)定語(yǔ)從句所修飾詞語(yǔ)范圍的限定，通常結(jié)合文中的句意來確定。

   【翻譯】該報(bào)告把對(duì)病痛處理不力和堅(jiān)持使用無(wú)效及強(qiáng)制性醫(yī)療手段從而有可能延長(zhǎng)病人死亡時(shí)間，致使病人臨終時(shí)痛苦不堪，確定為臨終護(hù)理方面存在的兩大問題。

   The American spymaster / who built the Office of Strategic Services in the World War II / and later / laid the roots for the CIA / was fascinated with information. (2003年真題)

   【分析】句子主干為：The American spymaster was fascinated with information. “who built the Office of Strategic Services  in the World War II / and later / laid the roots for the CIA”是定語(yǔ)從句，修飾“The American spymaster”。

   【翻譯】這位在第二次世界大戰(zhàn)中建立了戰(zhàn)略情報(bào)局且后來為中央情報(bào)局奠定基礎(chǔ)的美國(guó)間諜頭子對(duì)信息收集非常癡迷。

   Physicians——frustrated by their inability to cure the disease / and fearing loss of hope in the patient——too often offer aggressive treatment / far beyond what is scientifically justified. (2003年真題)

   【分析】句子主干為：Physicians too often offer aggressive treatment.插入部分“frustrated by their inability to cure the disease / and fearing loss of hope in the patient”是分詞作定語(yǔ)，修飾physicians。介詞短語(yǔ)“far beyond what is scientifically justified”作定語(yǔ)修飾“aggressive treatment”。

   【翻譯】?jī)?nèi)科醫(yī)生由于不能治愈疾病，同時(shí)擔(dān)心病人失去希望，常常采取極端大膽的治療方法，這些方法遠(yuǎn)遠(yuǎn)超出了科學(xué)許可的界限。

   A bill by Democratic Senator Robert Byrd of West Virginia, which would offer financial incentives for private industry, is a promising start. (2005年真題)

   【分析】句子主干：A bill is a promising start. “which would offer financial incentives for private industry”是修飾“a bill”的定語(yǔ)從句。

   【翻譯】來自西弗吉尼亞州的民主黨參議員羅伯特·伯德提出的一項(xiàng)議案是一個(gè)很有希望的開端，該議案提出將對(duì)私人企業(yè)給予財(cái)政上的獎(jiǎng)勵(lì)。

   The brain is as active during REM (rapid eye movement) sleep——when most vivid dreams occur——as it is when fully awake.(2005年真題)

   【分析】句子主干由as...as...(和……一樣……)固定搭配構(gòu)成。句子主干：The brain is as active as it is when fully awake. 介詞短語(yǔ)“during REM (rapid eye movement) sleep”作狀語(yǔ)修飾“active”，時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)從句“when most vivid dreams occur”修飾“REM (rapid eye movement) sleep”。

   【翻譯】大腦活動(dòng)在眼球迅速運(yùn)動(dòng)的睡眠時(shí)期中同完全醒時(shí)一樣，比較生動(dòng)的夢(mèng)境就出現(xiàn)在那時(shí)。

   With much practice / people can learn to, literally, do it in their sleep. (2005年真題)

   【分析】句子主干：people can learn to do it in their sleep.本句難點(diǎn)在于literally的理解，表示“客觀地，實(shí)際上”�！皐ith much practice”，with引導(dǎo)的介詞短語(yǔ)作伴隨狀語(yǔ)，修飾整個(gè)句子。

   【翻譯】多加練習(xí)的話，人們就真能在睡眠時(shí)控制夢(mèng)境了。

   American no longer expects public figures, whether in speech or in writing, to command the English language with skill and gift. (2005年真題)

   【分析】句子主干：American no longer expects public figures to command the English language with skill and gift.“whether...or...”引導(dǎo)狀語(yǔ)從句，表示“無(wú)論是……還是……”。

   【翻譯】美國(guó)人不再指望公眾人物在演講或?qū)懽髦袐故斓剡\(yùn)用技巧和文采來駕馭英語(yǔ)。

   John McWhorter, a linguist and controversialist of mixed liberal and conservative views, sees the triumph of 1960s counter-culture as responsible for the decline of formal English. (2005年真題)

   【分析】本句主干由see...as...(把……看作……)連接構(gòu)成。句子主干：John McWhorter sees the triumph of 1960s counter-culture as responsible for the decline of formal English.“mixed liberal and conservative views”分詞短語(yǔ)作定語(yǔ)，修飾controversialist。

   【·譯】約翰·麥克沃特是位喜歡爭(zhēng)辯的語(yǔ)言學(xué)家，他的觀點(diǎn)混雜著保守派與自由派的看法，他認(rèn)為，20世紀(jì)60年代反文化傳統(tǒng)的得勢(shì)是造成正式英語(yǔ)水平下降的原因。

   It’s not obvious / how the capacity to visualize objects and to figure out numerical patterns / suits one to answer questions / that have eluded some of the best poets and philosophers.(2007年真題)

   【分析】本句是一個(gè)結(jié)構(gòu)比較復(fù)雜的表語(yǔ)從句。句中“how the capacity to visualize objects and to figure out numerical patterns / suits one to answer questions”充當(dāng)主句的主語(yǔ)，主語(yǔ)中的幾個(gè)不定式均是修飾the capacity，定語(yǔ)從句“that have eluded some of the best poets and philosophers”修飾“questions”。本句的理解難點(diǎn)是one指定的判定。指代的判斷通�？梢詮膬蓚�(gè)方面著手：一、指代前面的中心詞，二、與指代所在句子的并列結(jié)構(gòu)。本句中我們可以確定one之前的中心詞是the capacity，兩者都是不定式結(jié)構(gòu)，屬并列結(jié)構(gòu)，因此，這里的one指代的是capacity。

   【翻譯】對(duì)目標(biāo)事物進(jìn)行形象思維和推斷數(shù)字模型的能力，如何與解答那些難倒比較有才氣的詩(shī)人和哲學(xué)家的問題的能力相匹配，這點(diǎn)并不明顯。

   Even demographics are working against the middle class family, as the odds of having a weak elderly parent--and all the attendant need for physical and financial assistance--have jumped eightfold in just one generation. (2007年真題)

   【分析】本句難點(diǎn)在于幾個(gè)詞匯的理解：work against表示“對(duì)……不利”、as作連詞可以表示因果關(guān)系，這里表示“因?yàn)椤保琽dds表示“可能性、概率”。通常這些貌似熟悉的詞匯，一旦在句中出現(xiàn)其確切的含義會(huì)讓許多考生難以理解，因此考生在記單詞的時(shí)候一定要徹底弄懂這些熟悉但具體詞義不好把握的詞匯，這個(gè)可參看海文《2009考研英語(yǔ)易混超難詞匯特訓(xùn)手冊(cè)》。

   【翻譯】就連人口統(tǒng)計(jì)數(shù)據(jù)也對(duì)中產(chǎn)階級(jí)不利，因?yàn)榧彝コ蓡T中有一個(gè)年老體弱的父母——以及其他需要物質(zhì)和經(jīng)濟(jì)救助的人——的可能性，在一代人的時(shí)間里就猛增了八倍。

   【小結(jié)】從以上近20年來的閱讀真題中出現(xiàn)的長(zhǎng)難句，我們可以看出，所謂的長(zhǎng)難句其實(shí)并不難，它們基本上是由少數(shù)幾個(gè)常見的句型或固定搭配連接而成的。對(duì)于絕大部分考生來說，由于自身心態(tài)問題，以至于對(duì)長(zhǎng)句產(chǎn)生恐懼，他們看到字?jǐn)?shù)多一點(diǎn)的句子就不知所措。實(shí)際上，我們只需冷靜頭腦，從容應(yīng)對(duì)，讀懂這些句子是不會(huì)有問題的。