In the United States, the first day nursery was opened in 1854. Nurseries were established in various areas during the 1 half of the 19th century; most of 2 were charitable. Both in Europe and in the U. S., the day nursery movement received great 3 during the First World War, when 4 of manpower caused the industrial employment of unprecedented numbers of women. In some European countries nurseries were established 5 in munitions plants, under direct government sponsorship. 6 the number of nurseries in the U.S. also rose 7 , this rise was accomplished without government aid of any kind. During the years following the First World War, 8 , Federal State, and local governments gradually began to exercise a measure of control 9 the day nurseries, chiefly by 10 them.

   The 11 of the Second World War was quickly followed by an increase in the number of day nurseries in almost all countries, as women were 12 called up on to replace men in the factories. On this 13 the U.S. government immediately came to the support of the nursery schools, 14 $ 6,000,000 in July, 1942, for a nursery school program for the children of working mothers. Many States and local communities 15 this Federal aid. By the end of the war, in August, 1945, more than 100,000 children were being cared 16 in daycare centers receiving Federal 17 .Soon afterward, the Federal government 18 cut clown its expenditures for this purpose and later 19 them, causing a sharp drop in the number of nursery schools in operation. However, the expectation that most employed mothers would leave their 20 at the end of the war was only partly fulfilled.
　　1.[A] latter [B] late [C] other [D] first
　　2. [A] those [B] them [C] whose [D] whom
　　3. [A] impetus [B] input [C] imitation [D] initiative
　　4. [A]sources [B] abundance [C] shortage [D] reduction
　　5. [A]hardly [B] entirely [C] only [D] even
　　6. [A] Because [B] As [C] Since [D] Although
　　7. [A] unanimously [B] sharply [C] predominantly [D] militantly
　　8. [A] therefore [B] consequently [C] however [D] moreover
　　9. [A] over [B] in [C] at [D] about
　　10. [A] formulating [B] labeling [C] patenting [D] licensing
　　11. [A] outset [B] outbreak [C] breakthrough [D] breakdown
　　12. [A] again [B] thus [C] repeatedly [D] yet
　　13. [A] circumstance [B] occasion [C] case [D] situation
　　14. [A] regulating [B] summoning [C] allocating [D] transferring
　　15. [A] expanded [B] facilitated [C] supplemented [D] compensated
　　16. [A] by [B] after [C] of [D] for
　　17. [A] pensions [B] subsidies [C] revenues [D] budgets
　　18. [A] prevalently [B] furiously [C] statistically [D] drastically
　　19. [A] abolished [B] diminished [C] jeopardized [D] precluded
　　20. [A] nurseries [B] homes [C] jobs [D] children

   1--2.[A]和[B]。文意：美國第一家日托所建于1854年。日托所在各地普遍建立足在19世紀的后期;其中大部分都是慈善事業(yè)。兩題均為語義關(guān)系型。the latter half為后半期。half只能和latter搭配，根據(jù)上下文判斷就可以了。另外most of后面要用人稱代詞。
 
   3.[A]。語義關(guān)系型。[A] impetus(推動，促進);[B] in put(輸入)：[C] imitation(模仿);[D] initiative(主動權(quán))。

   4.[C]。語義關(guān)系型。[A ] sources(來源)：[D] abundance (豐富：充裕);[C] shortage(短缺);[D] reduction(減少)。3—4題的文意：第一次世界大戰(zhàn)對建立日托所的運動是個促進，當時勞動力短缺使得大量婦女就業(yè)。

   5.[D]。文意：在一些歐洲國家的政府直接倡導下，甚至在軍火工廠里也建了日托所。本題也屬于語義關(guān)系型。

   6.[D]。語篇關(guān)系。分析全句，這是一個讓步狀語從句，故應用連詞although。

   7.[B]。語義關(guān)系。[A] unanimously (全體一致地，無異議地);[B] sharply(急劇地);[C] predominantly (主要地：支配其他地);[D] militantly(好戰(zhàn)地，激進地)。修飾動詞rose的副詞，四個 選項中只有sharply(急劇地)合適。6—7題的文意：盡管在美國托兒所的數(shù)目急劇增長，但并未得到政府的任何資助。

   8.[C]。語篇關(guān)系型。本句在語氣上是轉(zhuǎn)折的，要選副詞however。

   9.[A]。結(jié)構(gòu)搭配型。control與over搭配，而其它選項的語義不合題意。

   10.[A]。語義關(guān)系型。[A] formulating (規(guī)范)：[B] labeling (貼標簽于：分類);[C] patenting (取得專利權(quán))：[D] licensing (許可：特許)。根據(jù)句意“通過規(guī)范(formulate) 來管理”，因此答案為[A]。8—10題的文意：然而在第一次世界大戰(zhàn)之后的幾年中，聯(lián)邦政府和地方政府開始采取措施，主要通過規(guī)范化來管理控制托兒所。

   11.[B]。詞匯辨析型的近形異義類。[A] outset(開端，開始)：[B] outbreak(爆發(fā))：[C] breakthrough (突破)：[D] breakdown (崩潰;故障)。根據(jù)文意，應是“The out break of the Second World War"。

   12.[A]。語篇關(guān)系型。與第一次世界大戰(zhàn)的情況相呼應，所以要填[A] again (再次)。11—12題的文意：隨著第二次世界大戰(zhàn)爆發(fā)，幾乎各國托兒所的數(shù)量都增加很快，婦女又一次被號召在工廠中代替男人。

   13.[B]。結(jié)構(gòu)搭配型。選項中的四個名詞，只有occasion可以與介詞on搭配，其意義也與句意相吻合。

   14.[C]。語義關(guān)系型。[A] regulate (管制：調(diào)節(jié));[B] summon(召集：召喚);[C] allocate (分派，分配);[D] transfer (轉(zhuǎn)移，調(diào)動)，根據(jù)句意“撥款 (allocate) 600萬美元”，[C]正確。13—14題的文意：這次，美國政府立即支持保育員學校，于1942年7月?lián)芸?00萬美元。

   15.[C]。文意：許多州和地方團體對聯(lián)邦政府資助進行補充。[A] expanded (膨脹：擴充);[B] facilitated (使容易：使便利)：[C] supplemented (補充)：[D]compensated(補償;償還)。

   16.[D]。結(jié)構(gòu)搭配型。動詞care要與介詞for搭配，表示“照料”的意思。

   17.[B]。詞匯辨析型, 義近型分類。[A] pensions (養(yǎng)老金;退休金);[B] subsidies (補助金：津貼)：[C]revenues (國家的收入;稅收)：[D] budgets (預算)。16—17題的文意：一百多萬兒童在接受聯(lián)邦津貼的日托中心里受到照顧。

   18.[D]。語義關(guān)系型。[A] prevalently(普遍地;流行地)： [B] furiously (狂暴地;猛烈地)：[C] statistically (統(tǒng)計上地);[D] drastically (激烈地;徹底地)。只有[D] drastically (激烈地;徹底地)是正確的。

   19.[A]。語義關(guān)系型。[A] abolished (廢除)：[B]diminished (使減少，變小);[C] jeopardized(危害)：[D] precluded (排除)。與前一句相呼應，前面說“大幅度地削減”，后來，自然是“廢止 (abolished)”。18—19題的文意：聯(lián)邦政府大幅度地削減這項支出，并在后來將其廢止。

   20.[C]。語義關(guān)系型。文意：然而，讓大多數(shù)被雇傭的母親離開她們的工作，這一愿望在戰(zhàn)后只部分地得到實現(xiàn)。